Bacterial forms without cell walls is a monograph that includes data on the mechanisms of induction of bacterial L-forms, the ways of their reproduction, the peculiarities of their morphology and ultrastructure, the chemical composition of cells and cytoplasmic membranes of L-forms, the composition and localization of some cell wall antigens (lipopolysaccharide, protein A, M-protein, hemolysin) on the cytoplasmic membranes of bacterial L-forms. Both literary data and the author's own research are presented. Special attention is paid to the mechanism of intraphagocytic multiplication of individual bacterial species and bacterial L-forms, as well as their persistence in different host organisms and in tissue cultures. In the last section, studies on the immunostimulatory activity of the cytoplasmic membranes of stable protoplast L-forms of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria are presented. The author found that the immunostimulatory effect of the cytoplasmic membranes of the studied stable bacterial forms is due to their high phospholipid content, their ability to persist in the cytoplasm of macrophages, their liposome-like structure and the presence of LPZ in some of them. To facilitate readers working outside the sphere of immunology, tumor immunology and virology, three sections have been separated, which provide accessible information about the basic regularities of the normal immune response and its peculiarities in tumor bearing, chronic persistent bacterial and viral infections.
Emilia Ivanova graduated in medicine from the Higher Medical Institute in Sofia (1964). She worked for 5 years as a pediatrician. Defended as a full-time graduate student a thesis on the chemical composition of lipopolysaccharides in brucelli (1970). He works as a research assistant and senior research assistant in the "Immunology" section of the Institute of Microbiology at the BAS in the field of immunology of bacterial forms without cell walls (L-forms). Her main scientific achievements are related to the demonstration of the immunostimulatory and immunoprotective activity of the lipopolysaccharide-containing cytoplasmic membranes of some L-forms in tumor and infection research models; the localization of cell-wall bacterial antigens such as popopolysaccharide, protein A, listeriolysin on cytoplasmic membranes of the corresponding bacterial L-forms; the ability of bacterial L-forms to persist in the macrophages of experimental animals. Bacterial forms without cell walls.
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