Authors: Dimo Kroustev, Elena Jambazova
Publisher: Simmel
ISBN: 978-619-183-051-0
Edition: Second Revised and Augmented
Year of issue: 2017
Volume: 465 pages.
Cover Type: Paperback
Description
SUBJECT, TASKS AND METHODS OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
A BRIEF HISTORY OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
ANATOMICAL PLANES AND ANATOMICAL NOMENCLATURE
Landmarks in the human body
Anatomical terminology
Chapter 1: CAGE
Chemical composition of the cell
External cell morphology
Cell device
Body fluids
Transport across the cell membrane
Mechanisms of intercellular signaling
Homeostasis.
Regulation of body functions
Chapter 2: FABRICS.
Intercellular junctions
General properties of tissues.
Types of fabrics.
Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue.
Muscle tissue.
Nervous tissue.
Sex tissue.
Chapter 3: SKIN
Skin structure.
Functional organization of the skin.
Skin formations
Functions of the skin.
Chapter 4: SUPPORT-MOTOR APPARATUS
BONES (OSTEOLOGIA).
Macroscopic structure of the bone.
Blood supply and innervation of bone
Bone development and growth
Bone metabolism.
Skull bones.
Bones of the torso
Bones of the upper limb.
Bones of the lower limb.
CONNECTIONS BETWEEN BONES (ARTHROLOGIA).
Put in the human body.
Joints of the spine
Joints of the chest
Skull joints
Joints of the shoulder girdle and upper limb
Joints of the pelvic girdle and lower limb
MUSCLES (MYOLOGIA).
Structure and mechanics of skeletal muscle
Muscle groups in the human body.
Muscles of the head.
Neck muscles.
Back muscles.
Chest muscles.
Abdominal muscles.
Proprietary muscles of the shoulder girdle and of the free upper limb.
Muscles of the lower limb.
Chapter 5: GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY OF EXCITABLE CELLS
Resting membrane potential
Types of excitable membranes
Types of excitation upon irritation of electroexcitable membranes
Local response
Action potential
Properties of the action potential.
Propagation of the action potential across the membrane
Information transmission between excitable cells.
Electrical synapses
Chemical synapses
Mediators, receptors and mechanism of their action.
Low molecular weight compounds: Acetylcholine, biogenic amines, amino acids
Neuropeptides.
Nitrogen oxide
Chapter 6: PHYSIOLOGY OF MUSCLES
Physiology of skeletal muscle
A functional device.
Structure of myofibrils
Excitation of skeletal muscles.
Relating the process of excitation to the process of contraction
Mechanism of muscle contraction
Relaxing the muscle.
Types of muscle contractions.
Regulation of the force of muscle contraction
Energy metabolism of muscle contraction
Muscle fatigue
Physiology of smooth muscle.
Visceral smooth muscles.
Discrete smooth muscle
Functional morphology of smooth muscle.
Innervation of smooth muscles.
Mechanism of muscle contraction
Features of smooth muscle contractions
Regulation of redundancies.
Physiology of the myocardium
Chapter 7: NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Functions of the nervous system.
Neuron
Functions of neurons
Types of neurons
Functional areas of the neuron.
Connections between neurons
Neuroglia
Organization of the nervous system
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Structure and functions of the cerebrum.
Structure and functions of the spinal cord.
Electroencephalography.
Cheerfulness.
Physiology of sleep
Higher functions of the nervous system.
Neurophysiological foundations of consciousness.
Neurophysiological foundations of speech.
Neurophysiological foundations of memory.
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Spinal nerves.
Cranial nerves.
Reflex activity of the nervous system.
Reflex arc.
Types of reflexes.
General characteristics of the posture and movement regulation system.
Involvement of the spinal cord in the regulation of movements
Involvement of the brainstem in the regulation of movements
Involvement of the cerebral cortex in the regulation of movements
Involvement of the basal ganglia in the regulation of movements
Involvement of the cerebellum in the regulation of movements.
Chapter 8: VEGETATIVE NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Shares of the Supreme Court
Physiological action of the sympathetic lobe.
Physiological action of the parasympathetic division.
Interaction between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
Centers regulating vegetative functions.
Chapter 9: THERMOREGULATION.
Normal body temperature.
Mechanisms of heat production.
Mechanisms of heat release
Mechanisms of thermoregulation.
Violations in maintaining normal body temperature
Chapter 10: SENSORY SYSTEMS
Sensory functions of the nervous system.
General arrangement of the sensory systems.
SOMATOSENSIVE SYSTEM.
Receptors.
Tactile receptors (mechanoreceptors).
Temperature receptors (thermoreceptors).
Pain receptors (nociceptors).
Wire roads.
Bark areas.
Pain.
Types of pain.
Natural anti-pain (antinociceptive) system.
OLFACTORY AND TASTE SYSTEMS
Structure and function of the olfactory system.
Olfactory pathways and cortical areas.
Disturbances in the sense of smell.
Structure and function of the taste system.
Taste sensations.
Taste pathways and cortical areas.
Taste disturbances
HEARING SYSTEM
Sound characteristic
Structure and function of the organ of hearing - the ear.
Auditory receptors.
Coding of sound frequency information.
Encoding of volume information
Conductive roads
Bark areas.
Hearing disorders
VESTIBULAR SYSTEM.
Vestibular apparatus.
Vestibular receptors
Conduits and bark areas.
Disorders in the function of the vestibular system
VISUAL SYSTEM.
Anatomy of the eye
Formation of the visual image. Optical apparatus of the eye.
Optical anomalies
Pupil and pupillary reactions
Visual pathways.
Field of vision
Visual acuity.
Color vision
Chapter 11: ENDOCRINE SYSTEM.
Hormones - types, transport, mechanism of action, elimination
Regulation of hormonal secretion.
Glands with internal secretion.
Pineal gland.
Hypophysis.
Thyroid.
Parathyroid glands.
Adrenal glands.
Pancreas.
Chapter 12: BLOOD
Functions of the blood
Amount and composition of blood.
Hemostasis (blood clotting)
Blood clotting (hemocoagulation)
Blood groups
Chapter 13: CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Heart - device, functions
Excitation-wire system.
Myocardial excitability.
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Cardiac cycle. Phases.
Heart tones
Regulation of cardiac activity
Blood vessels - device, types, functions
Blood circulation
Microcirculation.
Hemodynamics.
Movement of blood in the veins.
Blood Pressure
Arterial pulse
Lymphatic system.
Regulation of vascular tone
Regulation of the activity of the cardiovascular system and blood pressure
Chapter 14: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Anatomy of the respiratory system
Nose and nose kitchen.
Paranasal sinuses.
Gutted
Trachea and bronchi.
Lung.
Physiology of the respiratory system.
Functional anatomy of the respiratory tract.
Blood supply and innervation.
Breathing. Stages.
Lung volumes and capacities.
Regulation of breathing.
Chapter 15: DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.
Functions of the digestive system
Functional anatomy of the digestive system.
Enteric nervous system
Digestive processes
Oral cavity
Digestion in the oral cavity
A gobbler.
Esophagus
Stomach
Digestion in the stomach
Pancreas and liver.
Small intestine.
Digestion in the small intestine
Colon
Chapter 16: METABOLISM AND ENERGY.
Metabolism of carbohydrates. Regulation
Fat breakdown and metabolism. Regulation.
Protein exchange. Regulation.
Mineral exchange.
Water exchange
Exchange of vitamins
Chapter 17: SEPARATORY SYSTEM
Kidney.
Structure of the nephron.
Kidney functions
Peculiarities in the blood supply of the kidneys.
Mechanism of urine formation.
Glomerular filtration.
Tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion.
Concentration and dilution of urine.
Final urine volume and composition
Micturition.
Urinary tract
Renal clearance
Regulation of kidney function
Chapter 18: ALKALINE-ACID EQUILIBRIUM
Sources of H+ in the body
Regulation of ACR
Buffer systems in body fluids.
Respiratory regulation of AKR
Renal regulation of ACR.
Violations of AKR.
Chapter 19: SEXUAL SYSTEM
Anatomy and physiology of the male reproductive system
Male external genitalia.
Male internal genitalia
Anatomy and physiology of the female reproductive system.
Female external genitalia.
Female internal genitalia
Menstrual cycle
Mammary gland.
Changes in the body during pregnancy
Lactation.
Birth
REFERENCES
