TEXTBOOK FOR STUDENTS OF MEDICINE, DENTAL MEDICINE AND PHARMACY
Microorganisms - bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa colonize all ecological niches in nature. Many of them, known as saprophytes, live freely in soil and water, participating in the cycle of organic substances in nature. Others have adapted to evolve in humans, animals and plants, establishing complex relationships between them from symbiosis to parasitism.
Microbiology for the Healthcare…
Life on Earth, in all its dimensions, without microorganisms is impossible. From a medical point of view, a huge part of the tens of thousands of known types of microorganisms are harmless to the human body. About 520 to over 1000 types of bacteria have adapted to develop on the skin and mucous membranes of the human body, mainly in the gastrointestinal tract. Constituents •its microbiota (normal flora).
This eco-system is populated by trillions of bacteria and fungi, far exceeding the number of cells in the human body. They express between 2 and 9 million genes. The totality of which is defined as the microbiome. Also many times more than the genes in the human genome.
These bacteria play an irrevocable role in the chthological processes of the body with their antagonistic action. To other pathogenic agents with their participation in metabolic processes. Production of vitamins (B 12 and K), stimulation of the immune system and immune response. For a healthy organism, bacteria from the normal microbiota are harmless, but some of them cause infections in individuals with damaged defense mechanisms, as well as immunocompromised.
However, research shows that the microbiome of individuals is linked to a number of conditions and infectious diseases such as obesity and diabetes 1. Autoimmune (type 1 diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease), oncological and other diseases. Some types of microorganisms that have adapted to the human body, during their development, damage the body's physiological processes. They are known as pathogenic microorganisms and are not part of the human microbiota.
After infection, they reside temporarily in the tissues and organs. Depending on the protective reactions of the body, various forms of the infectious process occur, from inapparent, unmanifested infection to mild and severe lethal forms of the infectious disease. Depending on their source and reservoir, a number of pathogenic microorganisms can spread epidemically and pandemicly between humans or between animals and humans.
Basic Medical Microbiology
In individuals with weakened protective reactions (after trauma, burns, oncological and other severe chronic diseases, drug addictions), non-pathogenic microorganisms - saprophytes from the environment and more often bacteria and fungi from the microbiota, known in this capacity - can also show pathogenicity such as opportunistic or opportunistic microorganisms.
Disturbances in the balance of the species of the normal flora, known as dysbiosis, as a result of the often irrational use of antibiotics, long-term treatment with cytostatics and immunosuppressants is also the reason for the development of infections from otherwise harmless for a healthy person types of microbiota, e.g. fungi developed in an excessively large amount on the basis of dysbacteriosis after the use of antibacterial antibiotics.
In order to understand the nature of the important human infectious disease agents in humans and their microbiome, it is necessary to know their structure, physiology and genetics, their resistance in the environment, pathogenicity factors they possess.
Understanding their relationship to the epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinic of infections, as well as the principles of microbiological diagnostics, is of great importance. The peculiarities of the infectious process and the protective mechanisms of innate and acquired immunity are irrevocable in the relationship between the invading microorganism and the person.
Microbiology has given the world epoch-making discoveries used in the prevention and therapy of infectious diseases: vaccines and antimicrobial agents. Discoveries in studying the genetic information of bacteria and viruses are the basis of modern genetics.
This study guide is dedicated to all these questions. It is intended primarily for students of medicine, dentistry and pharmacy, as well as for students in medical colleges and faculties of public health.
From the author's team
CONTENTS:
1. GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY
2. INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
3. SPECIAL MICROBIOLOGY
– BACTERIA
– MUSHROOMS
– VIRUSES
4. MICROBES IN THE ENVIRONMENT
5. MICROBIOM
6. MICROBIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF INFECTIONS BY SYSTEMS
- Medical
- microbiology
Medical Microbiology is an important medical textbook providing a comprehensive overview of the world of microbes and their role in human disease. This extensive course material offers fundamental knowledge essential to the understanding and management of infectious diseases in the medical field.
At the beginning of the textbook, the basic concepts in the field of microbiology are presented, including the classification of microorganisms, their structures and functions. Methods for isolation, identification and cultivation of different types of microorganisms are also considered. This section provides fundamental knowledge necessary for any medical education.
In subsequent chapters, the textbook provides a detailed explanation of the viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites that can cause human infections. Pathways of infection, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations of associated diseases are analyzed for each type of microorganism. Particular attention is paid to the emergence of drug resistance and infection control methods.
The textbook also covers the molecular aspects of medical microbiology, providing information on the genomic structures of microorganisms and their mechanisms of change and adaptation. This module contributes to the understanding of the molecular basis of infections and is important for future medical professionals who need to develop innovative methods to combat infectious diseases.
In the section on the diagnosis of infectious diseases, the textbook presents the various laboratory techniques and methods for the detection of microorganisms, including molecular tests and biochemical procedures. This section is of utmost importance to students and medical laboratory professionals who must use these techniques to accurately diagnose and monitor the course of infectious diseases.
In conclusion, the textbook provides information on the prevention and control of infectious diseases in society. This aspect covers vaccination, public health policies and disease control strategies. Combining theoretical knowledge with practical aspects of treatment, the textbook becomes an integral part of the training of future medical professionals.
Medical Microbiology is an essential resource that not only provides up-to-date information in the field of microbiology, but also promotes the development of critical thinking, research, and ethical principles in the context of infectious disease control. Comprehensive and up-to-date, the textbook is an excellent resource for medical students, residents, and practicing physicians in the field of medical microbiology.
