Neonatology - Textbook for midwives and nurses

Neonatology as a practical activity includes work with both healthy newborns and
the complex matter of intensive care taking place in intensive care units and
sectors for newborn children. This activity requires well-prepared and motivated personnel,
familiar with normal adaptation, pathology, modern care and methods of treatment of
newborns – learning that begins in student halls and continues throughout life.
The textbook includes a general part containing basic issues of neonatology: features of
the healthy newborn and its midwifery adaptation, thermoregulation, nutrition,
modern obstetric care, etc. attention is paid to the main risk groups
newborn children: premature, transferred, children born with asphyxia, as well as the most common
metabolic disorders.

The special part is dedicated to the pathology of the newborn child, examined by organs and
systems. It is focused on obstetric care and tasks in the diagnosis and treatment of
newborns with different pathologies.

The textbook ends with three appendices describing: basic manipulations in neonatology;
anthropometry and growth assessment through growth curves; current immunization schedule
of the Republic of Bulgaria.
Content
General part:
1. Definitions and classifications of newborn children;
2. Anatomical-physiological features of the newborn child. Determine
gestational age;
3. Adaptation syndrome. Adaptation manifestations on the part of the excretory organs and
systems;
4. Concept of risk newborn child. Group risk newborns;
5. Perinatal asphyxia. Resuscitation of the newborn in the delivery room;
6. Premature newborn and child with intrauterine hypotrophy;
7. Transferred newborn child;
8. Birth trauma of the newborn;
9. Thermoregulation of the newborn. Incubator device;
10. Water-electrolyte exchange in the newborn. Acid-alkaline balance;
11. Metabolic disorders in the newborn;
12. Feeding the newborn child;
12.1. Enteral nutrition;
12.2. Paraenteral nutrition of the newborn;
13. Modern obstetric care for the sick newborn child;
14. Immunizations for newborn children;
15. Follow-up of at-risk newborns. Assessment of growth and development;
16. Establishment of an intensive sector for the treatment of newborn children;

17. Transport of newborn children;
18. Pharmacotherapy in the neonatal period. Routes of drug introduction
funds.

Special part:
1. Infections during the newborn period;
1.1. Immunity of the newborn;
1.2. Congenital (transplacental) infections;
1.3. Viral infections;
1.4. Neonatal sepsis. Meningitis and meningoencephalitis. Osteomyelitis and septic arthritis;
1.5. Skin, eye and navel infections;
1.6. Sexually transmitted infections;
1.7. Nosocomial infections. Anti-epidemic regime;
2. Diseases of the respiratory system;
2.1. Anatomic-physiological features. Intrauterine periods of pulmonary
development;
2.2. Respiratory failure. Clinic and treatment of respiratory failure in
the neonatal period;
2.3. Diseases of the respiratory system: Hyaline-membrane disease, pneumothorax,
bronchopulmonary dyspnea;
2.4. Abnormalities of the respiratory system;
3. Cardiovascular diseases in the newborn period;
3.1. Congenital heart malformations with manifestation in the neonatal period;
3.2. Heart failure. Diagnosis and treatment;
3.3. Shock in newborn children;
4. Kidney diseases in the newborn period;
4.1. Anatomic-physiological features of the fetal kidney;
4.2. Clinical examination of renal function;
4.3. Kidney abnormalities;
4.4. Infections of excretory system;
4.5. Acute renal failure;
5. Neurological diseases in the newborn period
5.1. Research methods in neonatal neurology;
5.2. Ischemic complications of the central nervous system in newborn children;
5.3. Intracranial hemorrhages in premature and full-term newborns;
5.4. Neonatal seizures;
5.5. CNS malformations
5.6. Care of newborn children with neurological diseases;
6. Retinopathy of prematurity;
7. Genetic diseases, malformation, congenital defects of metabolism;
7.1. The most read chromosomal diseases;
7.2. Congenital hypothyroidism. Phenylketonuria. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia;
7.3. Mass screening of newborn children;
7.4. Medical-genetic consultation. Methods for prenatal diagnostics;
7.5. Prenatal therapy;
8. Neonatal jaundice;

8.1. Physiological jaundice. Pathological jaundice in the newborn period;
8.2. Hemolytic disease of the newborn;
8.3. Other hemolytic jaundice in the newborn;
8.4. Jaundice with increased direct bilirubin;
9. Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
9.1. Necrotizing enterocolitis;
9.2. Gastroesophageal reflux;
10. Hematological diseases in the newborn period;
10.1. Anemias in the newborn;
10.2. Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn. Practice;
11. Organization of neonatological assistance in Bulgaria. Perinatal and neonatal
mortality.

Application:
1. Basic manipulations. Tasks of the midwife;
2. Anthropometry and growth assessment. Growth curves;
3. Immunization calendar of the Republic of Bulgaria 2022.