Internal Diseases

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I

PULMONOLOGY

THE MOST IMPORTANT SYMPTOMS OF PULMONARY DISEASES

OBJECTIVE EXAMINATION

DIAGNOSTIC METHODS

PNEUMONIA

SUPPURATIVE LUNG DISEASE

OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASES

RESPIRATORY FAILURE

PULMONARY CARCINOMA

PLEURAL EFFUSIONS

SARCOIDOSIS

PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS

CHAPTER II

CARDIOLOGY

EXAMINATION OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

HEART FAILURE

RHYTHM AND CONDUCTION DISORDERS

CHRONIC PULMONARY HEART

PULMONARY THROMBOEMBOLISM

RHEUMATISM

INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS

ACQUIRED HEART DESEASES

AORTIC VALVE DESEASES

ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE

STABLE ANGINA

UNSTABLE ANGINA

MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION

CARDIOMYOPATHIS

MYOCARDITIS

PERICARDIAL DISEASES

DISEASES OF THE AORTA

ATHEROSCLEROSIS

CONGENITAL HEART DISESES IN ADULTS

CHAPTER III

GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY

DISEASES OF THE STOMACH

DISEASES OF THE SMALL INTESTIN

DISEASES OF THE COLON AND RECTUM

LIVER DISEASES

DISEASES OF THE BILIARY SYSTEM

DISEASES OF THE PANCREAS

CHAPTER IV

NEPHROLOGY

ANATOMICAL NOTES, PHYSICAL AND LABORATORY EXAMINATIONS

KIDNEY BIOPSY

SYMPTOMS AND SYNDROMES RELATED TO KIDNEY DISEASES

PRIMARY GLOMERULAR DISEASES. CLASSIFICATION, ETIOLOGY,PATHOGENESIS

ACUTE POSTREPTOCOCCAL GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

RAPIDLY PROGRESSING GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS. PODOCYTOPATHY. IDIOPATHIC

NEPHROTIC SYNDROME

GLOMERULONEPHRITIS WITH MINIMAL CHANGES

IgM NEPHROPATHY

FOCAL-SEGMENTAL GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS

MEMBRANOUS GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

MEMBRANOPROLIFERATIVE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS AND C3

NEPHROPATHIES

IMMUNOGLOBULIN A NEPHROPATHY (BERGER’S DISEASE)

SECONDARY SATELLITE GLOMERULOPATHIES. KIDNEY DAMAGE IN SYSTEMIC VASCULITIS

KIDNEY DAMAGE IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS (SEL)

KIDNEY DAMAGES IN DIABETES MELLITUS

KIDNEY DAMAGE IN AMYLOIDOSIS

GOUTY NEPHROPATHY

URINARY INFECTIONS

ACUTE INTERSTITIAL HYPERSENSITIVE NEFRITIS

CHRONIC INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS

CONGENITAL AND HERITABLE DISEASES OF THE KIDNEYS. AUTOSOMALDOMINANT KIDNEY. POLYCYSTOSIS

CONGENITAL AND HEREDITARY DISEASES OF THE KIDNEYS. ALPORT SYNDROME. FABRI SYNDROME. THIN MEMBRANE DISEASE

KIDNEY STONE DISEASE. NEPHROCALCINOSIS

ACUTE KIDNEY INGURY (AKI)

CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD). KIDNEY FAILURE

EXTRA-KIDNEY METHODS OF CLEANSING THE BLOOD

KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION

CHAPTER V

ENDOCRINOLOGY

DISEASES OF THE GLANDS WITH INTERNAL SECRETION

INTRODUCTION

HYPOTALAMUS AND PITUITARY GLAND

THYROID GLAND

PARATHYROID GLANDS

ENDOCRINE PANCREAS

ADRENAL GLANDS

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

DISEASES OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS AND PITUITARY GLAND

DISEASES OF THE THYROID GLAND

DISEASES OF THE PARATHYTIC GLANDS

DISEASES OF THE ENDOCRINE PANCREAS

DISEASES OF THE ADRENAL GLANDS

ENDOCRINE DISORDERS IN THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

ENDOCRINE DISORDERS IN THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

AUTOIMMUNE POLYGLANDULAR SYNDROMES

MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA

CHAPTER VI

HEMATOLOGY

BASIC DATA ON HEMATOPOIESIS

EXAMINATION OF A PATIENT WITH HEMATOLOGICAL DISEASE DISEASES OF ERYTHROPOIESIS

IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA

ANEMIA IN CHRONIC DISEASES (ACD)

MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA

FOLATE DEFICIENCY ANEMIA

BONE MARROW FAILURE HYPO- AND APLASTIC ANEMIA

HEMOLYTIC ANEMIAS. CLASSIFICATION

CONGENITAL HEMOLYTIC ANEMIAS – MEMBRANOPATHIES

CONGENITAL HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA – ENZYMOPATHIES

CONGENITAL HEMOLYTIC ANEMIAS – HEMOGLOBINOSIS

CONGENITAL HEMOLYTIC ANEMIAS – THALASEMIA

ACQUIRED HEMOLYTIC ANEMIAS. ISOMIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIAS

MICROANGIOPATHIC HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA

MALIGNANT DISEASES OF THE BLOOD AND THE BLOOD-FORMING ORGANS

ACUTE MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASES

MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES

CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA – PH (+)

POLYCYTHAEMIA VERA

ESSENTIAL THROMBOCYTEMIA

OSTEOMYELOFIBROSIS. PRIMARY MYELOPHIBROSIS

LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE NEOPLASMS – BASIC DATA

HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA (MORBUS HODGKIN)

NON-HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMAS – BASIC DATA

ACUTE HIGHLY AGGRESSIVE LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE NEOPLASMS

DIFFUSE LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA (DLBCL)

MANTLE CELL LYMPHOMA

INDOLENT NON-HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMAS CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA

FOLLICULAR NON-HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA

MARGINAL ZONE LYMPHOMA. EXTRANODAL LYMPHOMAS OF MUCOSAASSOCIATED

LYMPHOID TISSUE

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF LYMPHADENO – AND SPLENOMEGALIA

DISEASES OF THE PLASMOCYTIC SERIES. MONOCLONAL

PARAPROTEINEMIA (GAMAPATHIES)

MULTIPLE MYELOMA (MYELOMA MULTIPLEX)

LIGHT CHAIN DEPOSITION DISEASE (LCDD)

AL-AMYLOIDOSIS

HEMOPOETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION

COAGULATION AND BLEEDING DISORDERS

DISEASES OF THE PLATELET SERIES

DISEASES WITH IMPAIRED PLATELET FUNCTIONS. CONGENITAL AND

ACQUIRED THROMBOCYTOPATHIES

CONGENITAL COAGULOPATHIES

INHIBITORY HEMOPHILIA

WILLEBRAND’S DISEASE (Morbus von Willebrand)

VASOPATHY

DISSEMINATED INTRAVASAL COAGULATION (DIC)

PRIMARY ACTIVATED FIBRINOLYSIS

CHAPTER VII

RHEUMATOLOGY

EXAMINATION OF PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATIC DISEASES

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (POLYARTHRITIS RHEUMATOIDES)

ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS (SPONDYLITIS ANKYLOSANS)

PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS (ARTHRITIS PSORIATICA)

GOUT. GOUTY ARTHRITIS (PODAGRA, ARTHRITIS URICA)

OSTEOARTHRITIS (OA)

SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS SYSTEMICUS)

PROGRESSIVE SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS

AUTOIMMUNE MYOSITES

SJOGREN SYNDROME

BEHCET’S DISEASE

RHEUMATIC POLYMYALGIA

GIANT CELL ARTERIITIS

SYSTEMIC VASCULITIDES

FIBROMYALGIA

OSTEOPOROSIS

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„Internal Diseases“ is an essential medical textbook designed to provide comprehensive knowledge and understanding of various internal medical conditions. Authored by leading experts in internal medicine, this textbook serves as a fundamental resource for medical students, residents, and practicing physicians aiming to deepen their understanding of internal diseases.

The textbook begins with foundational concepts in internal medicine, covering basic principles of pathophysiology, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic interventions. It then delves into detailed discussions on a wide range of internal diseases affecting different organ systems, including the cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, endocrine, renal, and hematologic systems.

Each chapter in the textbook focuses on a specific internal disease or group of related conditions. It explores the etiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, and treatment modalities associated with each disease entity. Detailed explanations of pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the diseases help readers grasp the physiological disruptions occurring within the body.

The diagnostic aspect of internal diseases is thoroughly addressed, encompassing various diagnostic methods such as medical history assessment, physical examination, laboratory tests, imaging studies, and advanced diagnostic procedures. Clinical case studies and illustrative diagrams aid in the practical application of diagnostic principles, enhancing the reader’s ability to recognize and interpret clinical findings accurately.

Treatment strategies for internal diseases are extensively discussed, incorporating both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches. Evidence-based guidelines and algorithms assist clinicians in making informed decisions regarding patient management. Special emphasis is placed on personalized treatment plans tailored to individual patient needs, taking into account factors such as comorbidities, age, and lifestyle.

The textbook also covers preventive measures and strategies for promoting overall health and well-being, emphasizing the importance of lifestyle modifications, preventive screenings, and immunizations in reducing the risk of internal diseases. Additionally, it addresses the concept of integrated healthcare delivery, highlighting the significance of multidisciplinary collaboration in managing complex medical conditions.

Throughout the textbook, emphasis is placed on the holistic approach to patient care, considering not only the physical aspects of disease but also the psychosocial and ethical dimensions. Patient-centered care principles are emphasized, encouraging empathy, communication skills, and cultural competence among healthcare providers.

With its comprehensive coverage, clear explanations, and practical insights, „Internal Diseases“ serves as an indispensable resource for medical education and clinical practice. Whether used for self-study, classroom instruction, or reference in clinical settings, this textbook equips healthcare professionals with the knowledge and skills necessary for effectively diagnosing, treating, and managing internal diseases in diverse patient populations.