РЪКОВОДСТВО ЗА ПРАКТИЧЕСКИ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ ПО МЕДИЦИНСКА МИКРОБИОЛОГИЯ – ЧАСТ I

РЪКОВОДСТВО ЗА ПРАКТИЧЕСКИ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ ПО МЕДИЦИНСКА МИКРОБИОЛОГИЯ – ЧАСТ I

Medical Microbiology, 9th Edition

Микроорганизмите – бактерии, вируси, гъбички и protozoa colonize all ecological niches in nature. Many of them, known as saprophytes live freely in soil and water, participating in the cycle of substances in nature. Others have adapted to develop in humans, animals and plants, establishing complex relationships between them from symbiosis to parasitism.

Life on Earth, in all its dimensions, without microorganisms is impossible. From a medical point of view. a huge part of the tens of thousands of known species of microorganisms are harmless to the human organism. Bacteria and fungi that have adapted to develop on the skin and mucous membranes of the human body are harmless to a healthy organism. These about 500 species make up its normal flora (microbiota) and play an irrevocable role in the physiological processes of the body with their antagonistic action towards other pathogens, participation in metabolic processes and stimulating the development of the immune system and the immune response during the infectious process.

Microbiology for the Healthcare Professional, 3rd Edition

Някои видове микроорганизми, приспособили се към човешкия организъм, при своето развитие увреждат физиологичните процеси. Известни са като патогенни микроорганизми и не са част от нормалната флора. След заразяване с тях те пребивават временно в тъканите и органите. В зависимост от защитните реакции на организма осъществяват различни форми на инфекциозния процес – от инапарентна (непроявена) инфекция, до леки и тежки летални форми на инфекциозната болест. В зависимост от техния източник и резервоар редица от патогенните микроорганизми се разпространяват епидемично между хората или между животните и хората.

In individuals with weakened protective reactions (after trauma, burns, cancer and other severe chronic diseases, drug addictions), pathogenicity can also manifest itself. non-pathogenic микроорганизми – saprophytes from the environment and more often bacteria and fungi from the normal flora, known in this capacity as conditionally pathogenic or opportunistic microorganisms. Disturbances in the balance of species from the normal flora, known as dysbiosis, as a result of frequent irrational use of antibiotics or prolonged treatment with cytostatics and immunosuppressants, to suppression of immune responses and manifestation of pathogenicity by microorganisms that have developed in excessively large quantities.

Lippincott Illustrated Reviews: Microbiology – 3th Edition
Познаването на микроорганизмите, причинители на инфекциозни заболявания в човека – патогенните и условно патогенните е от голямо значение за медицинската практика. Инфекциозните заболявания са водещи в човешката патология и като причина за леталния изход. В уточняване на етиологията и лечението на инфекциозните заболявания от водещо значение е микробиологичната диагностика и познаване възможностите на използваните в нея диагностични методи.

The positive effect of microbiological diagnostics can be expected only if the clinical and laboratory staff are familiar with the rules for taking and transporting clinical material, the nature of diagnostic methods and the assessment of the pathogenic potential of the proven microorganisms. The determination of the antibiotic sensitivity of the isolated bacteria and fungi is a guarantee for the rational use of antibiotics to limit the increasingly widespread drug resistance among infectious agents.

This manual for practical exercises in medical microbiology is intended for students of medical universities. The aim of the thematic material is for students to gain knowledge on bacterial and viral pathogens and the classical and modern molecular diagnostic methods used in daily clinical practice to clarify the etiology of infections and provide guidelines for the rational use of antimicrobial drugs.

• РЪКОВОДСТВО ЗА ПРАКТИЧЕСКИ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ ПО
• МЕДИЦИНСКА МИКРОБИОЛОГИЯ – ЧАСТ I