Diabetes mellitus

Name: Захарен диабет
SKU: ISBN: 978-954-326-201-4
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Diabetes mellitus

author: Tsvetalina Tankova

title: Diabetes mellitus

Subtitle:

year: 2013

ISBN: 978-954-326-201-4

Publisher: Paradigm

Diabetes mellitus is not a single disease, but a heterogeneous group of diseases. Various factors are involved in the etiology and pathogenesis of its various forms. Currently, type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus are considered two completely separate diseases. The definition of both diseases as insulin-dependent (IDD) and
non-insulin dependent (NIDD) diabetes mellitus, is no longer used as it is based on pharmacological rather than etiological factors. Internationally, the designation of the two diseases with Roman numerals – type I and type II diabetes mellitus – was dropped, and their designation with Arabic numerals – type 1 and type 2 – was retained.

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SKU: ISBN: 978-954-326-201-4 Categories: Endocrinology, Medicine Tags: bg, Diabetes mellitus

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Diabetes mellitus

STRUCTURE, SYNTHESIS, SECRETION, MECHANISM OF ACTION AND BIOLOGICAL

EFFECTS OF INSULIN. 15
Structure of insulin.15
Synthesis of insulin. 16
Secretion of insulin.19
Physiological profile of insulin secretion. 28
Mechanism of action of insulin. 31
Biological effects of insulin.34

REGULATION OF CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM. 37

Role of different organs in glucose metabolism. 37
Glucose transporters - GLUT.40
Main pathways of glucose metabolism.42
Hormonal regulation of carbohydrate metabolism. 45

DIABETES DIABETES

DEFINITION OF DIABETES DIABETES. 51
EPIDEMIOLOGY.51
CLASSIFICATION.53
DIAGNOSIS .56
Degrees of glucose tolerance.56
Diagnostic tests to determine glucose tolerance.60
Ways to place the diagnosis diabetes mellitus.65
ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS OF DIABETES. 67
Diabetes mellitus type 1.67
Diabetes mellitus type 2.69

CLINICAL PICTURE OF DIABETES. 83

Diabetes mellitus type 1.83
Diabetes mellitus type 2.85
Other forms of diabetes mellitus.87

TREATMENT OF DIABETES. 92

DIETARY REGIME IN DIABETES. 93
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY. 102

INSULIN TREATMENT. 106

TREATMENT WITH NON-INSULIN ORAL AND INJECTABLE

ANTI-DIABETES AGENTS. 133

Sulfonylureas. 134

Meglitinides. 141
Bigwanids. 143
Thiazolidinediones. 156
Алфа-глюкозидазни inhibitors. 164
Incretin-based therapy. 168
Dpp-4 inhibitors. 169
Glp-1 receptor agonists. 180
Sglt2 sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (inhibitors). 198
MODERN RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TYPE 2 DIABETES. 204
EDUCATION OF PATIENTS WITH DIABETES. 219
CONTROL OF DIABETES. 224
SELF-CONTROL OF BLOOD SUGAR IN DIABETES. 229
CONTINUOUS GLUCOSE LEVEL MONITORING. 236
ACUTE COMPLICATIONS OF DIABETES. 241
Diabetic ketoacidosis. 241
Diabetic hyperosmolar nonketogenic coma. 252
Diabetic lactic acidosis. 257
Hypoglycemia in diabetes mellitus. 259
Diabetic coma. 269

CHRONIC COMPLICATIONS OF DIABETES. 273

Diabetic microangiopathy. 274
Diabetic retinopathy. 274
Other eye damage in diabetes mellitus. 280
Refractive changes. 282
Diabetic nephropathy. 283
Diabetic neuropathy. 296
Diabetic macroangiopathy. 317
Diabetic foot. 341
Diabetic osteoarthropathy (smallpox foot). 353
Skin changes in diabetes mellitus. 361
Diabetic dermopathy. 361