Introducing Temporary and Tunneled Catheters for Hemodialysis Treatment
In the world literature, tunneled catheters are increasingly considered as indwelling vascular access, given their long-term use in patients and especially in those who have "exhausted" another type of indwelling vascular access.
The growing use of CVCs poses a number of practical questions regarding reducing the frequency of their early and late complications, which will lead to more adequate hemodialysis treatment of patients and improvement of their quality of life.
Contents »
Abbreviations used……………………………………………………………….. 7
Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9
Chapter I
Basic points – V. Todorov, B. Borisov………………..11
Chapter II
General information about hemodialysis catheters < M. Yankova, B. Borisov ………13
2. Biomaterials for the production of catheters…………… 16
3. Lumen, catheter tip design and length of catheters …….. 17
4. Positioning of the catheters ……………. 21
Chapter III
Selection of vein – B. Borisov, V. Todorov……… 23
1. Subclavian vein ………….. 23
2. Internal jugular vein…… 30
3. Femoral vein ……….33
Chapter IV
Technique of catheterization and care of catheters B. Borisov ……… 36
1. General………. 36
2. Peculiarities in the insertion of tunneled catheters……………… 40
TEMPORARY AND TUNNELED CATHETERS FOR HEMODIALYSIS TREATMENT
Chapter V
Acute complications – B. Borisov, M. Yankova…….. 48
1. Heart rhythm disorders…. 51
2. Pneumothorax…………. 51
3. Perforation of vessels and heart …….. 52
4. Arterial lesion ……… 53
5. Air embolism ……….. 54
6. Catheter tip malposition ….. 54
Chapter VI
Chronic complications – V. Todorov, B. Borisov, M. Yankova……………..57
1. Catheter-associated infections (CAI)……….. 57
2. Central vein stenosis ……… 70
3. Thrombotic complications …………. 72
4. Mechanical damage…….. 77
5. Malfunction …………. 80
6. Survival of catheters ………….. 80
Conclusion………. 85
Used literature………. 87
