Акушерството е медико-биологична наука, която изучава:

оплождането, pregnancy, birth and postpartum период в норма, в условията на повишен риск и в реализиран риск – pathology. Тя е част от единната клинична дисциплина по акушерство и гинекология – основна специалност в образованието по хуманитарна медицина.
Modern medical advances in various fields are continuously having a significant impact on obstetric theory and practice. At the same time, the human rights-based requirement for the active participation of the pregnant woman in the medical and diagnostic process through informed consent or refusal modifies to some extent the accepted behavior based on long-standing experience and medical evidence.

In this textbook сме се стремели да запазим характерния за българската школа поглед върху акушерството, като запазихме всички глави от предходните учебници. Постарахме се да осъвременим данните в съответствие със съвременните постижения на науката и техниката. Това наложи да се разширят главите за „пренатален скрининг“ и диагностика на вродените аномалии, наблюдение развитието на бременността чрез ултразвуков метод при различни състояния, наблюдение състоянието на плода чрез кардиография, пулс ме трия, микро кръвен анализ и др.

 

Modern obstetrics is faced with the problems of the rising age of women giving birth. The socio-economic conditions requiring career development of women and the widespread penetration of assisted reproductive techniques have increased the fertile age to previously unthinkable limits. The older age of women is accompanied by an increased frequency and severity of pregnancy-related diseases, which requires a multidisciplinary approach to pregnancy monitoring. To respond to this phenomenon, the volume of the chapter „Risk Pregnancy” has been increased.

World statistics shows that about 1/3 of births are performed by Caesarean section. The pandemic of Caesarean sections that has occurred in recent decades has necessitated the creation of a new chapter „Abdominal birth”. The analysis of the causes shows that they are mainly due to socio-economic and to a lesser extent medical. The fight against „Caesareanism” has been unsuccessful in the world and this has forced us to pay attention to the place of Caesarean section in modern practice and to focus on the safety of the operation.
When creating the textbook, we have tried to present generally accepted facts, our experience and to avoid those of a discussion nature. We believe that this approach will facilitate students and residents in understanding the main issues of obstetrics. We are far from thinking that the truth in medicine is one, but the obstetrician in the process of his additional qualification and practice will be able to build his own approach and understanding in solving problems in obstetrics.

CONTENTS:
PART I: NORMAL PREGNANCY

1. Fertilization

2. Development of pregnancy

3. Pregnancy diagnosis

4. Duration of pregnancy

5. Промени в майчиния organism през бременността

6. Pregnancy hygiene

7. Nutrition during pregnancy

8. Prehospital pregnancy monitoring

9. Monitoring the condition of the fetus during pregnancy

PART II: HIGH-RISK PREGNANCY

10. Definition of the concept of high-risk pregnancy

11. Diseases accompanying pregnancy

12. Pregnancy and childbirth in multiple pregnancies

13. Pregnancy and birth in breech presentation

14. Pregnancy and childbirth in an elderly first-born

15. Pregnancy and childbirth in adolescent pregnancy

16. Pregnancy and childbirth in high multiparity

17. Occupational hazards and pregnancy

PART III: PATHOLOGY OF PREGNANCY

18. Vomiting during early pregnancy

19. Pregnancy-induced hypertension

20. Abortions

21. Preterm birth

22. Premature rupture of the amniotic sac

23. Premature fetus

24. Postponed pregnancy

25. Ectopic pregnancy

26. Bleeding during pregnancy, not directly related to it

PART IV: PATHOLOGY OF THE FETUDE AND ITS APPENDAGES

27. Fetal pathology

28. Placental pathology

29. Umbilical cord pathology

30. Amniotic fluid pathology

PART V: PROBLEMS OF VAGINAL BIRTH

31. Infectious pathology of the fetus and its appendages

32. Normal vaginal birth

33. Birth management

34. Induction of labor

35. Monitoring the condition of the fetus during labor

36. Ante- and intranatal fetal asphyxia

37. Anesthesia for childbirth

38. Difficulties in vaginal birth

39. Surgeries during vaginal birth

40. Surgeries to complete vaginal birth

41. Complications for the woman as a result of vaginal birth

42. Fetal injuries during vaginal birth

43. Shock in obstetrics

PART VI: ABDOMINAL BIRTH – CAESAREAN SECTION

44. Frequency

45. Indications

46. Types of CS

47. Cesarean section technique

48. Complications of cesarean section

49. Operations during cesarean section

50. Perioperative care for cesarean section

51. Pregnancy and childbirth after cesarean section

52. Pros and cons of abdominal delivery

53. Maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality

PART VII: POSTPARTUM PERIOD (PUERPERIUM)

54. Physiological postpartum period

55. Complicated postpartum period

56. Патология на млечните glands в послеродовия период

ПОГЛЕД В АКУШЕРСТВОТО