The relevance of the problem of the pathogenesis of a bacterial-infectious disease affecting both the parenchyma and interstitial structures in a given organ is beyond doubt. This relevance is related to both the frequency and the diagnosis, and with the monitoring of disease processes, with the correct choice of therapeutic behavior, and with the prevention of the disease itself, and, which is of particular importance, of the consequences of its complications. In this regard, the current monographic work „Tubulo-interstitial bacterial nephritis - pathogenesis and laboratory” with author Dr. Stoyanka Tancheva, MD, provides the medical community with a modern reading of one of the most common and, in medical and historical terms, the longest studied diseases in humans.
To nephrologists, urologists, pediatricians, obstetricians-gynecologists, specialists in general medicine, and the patients themselves are well aware of the insidious, largely asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic onset of tubulointerstitial bacterial nephritis, which is why the problem is underestimated or overlooked.
CONTENTS
| ABBREVIATIONS | 5 |
| FOREWORD | 12 |
| PRESENTATION OF TUBULOINTERSTITIAL BACTERIAL NEPHRITIS | 15 |
| PROBLEM HISTORY | 15 |
| PATHWAYS TO REACH THE RENAL INTERSTITIUM | 21 |
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE LABORATORY FINDING IN TIBN | 33 |
| BACTERIAL INVASION IN TIBN - conditions, agents, mechanism, complications | 33 |
| HOST PROTECTION MECHANISMS | 40 |
| STUDYING TIBN THROUGH THE OPPORTUNITIES OF TISSUE MICROBIOLOGY | 55 |
| IMMUNOLOGY OF TIBN | 82 |
| COMPLICATIONS OF ACUTE TIBN | 96 |
| LABORATORY ANALYSIS AND MODERN GUIDELINES OF INTERPRETATION | 98 |
| ON the active TIBN | |
| * BACTERIA IN URINE - etiology, pathogenesis, laboratory | 98 |
| * LEUKOCYTES IN URINE - etiology, pathogenesis, laboratory | 107 |
| – Proof of leukocyturia with dry tests | 115 |
| – Proof of leukocyturia in urinary sediment by visual-optical microscopy | 117 |
| -Demonstration of leukocyturia in urinary sediment by
phase contrast microscopy |
118 |
| – Cytochemical analysis of leukocyturia in urinary sediment | 120 |
| -New types of microscopes | 121 |
| * PROTEIN MARKERS IN URINE - etiology, pathogenesis, laboratory | 126 |
| -Urine protein analysis methods | 126 |
| – Pathogenesis of proteinuria in active tubulointerstitial bacterial nephritis (aTIBN) | 128 |
| – Protein markers for early detection of tubular proteinuria | 141 |
| – Proteinuria Laboratory | 143 |
| * European recommendations for quantitative presentation of proteinuria and clinical interpretation | 146 |
| ADDITIONAL STUDIES at TIBN | 151 |
| Urinary enzymes in active TIBN | 151 |
| Urine cylinders | 151 |
| Urine osmolality in aTIBN | 153 |
| Tubulointerstitial bacterial nephritis and electrolyte excretion | 156 |
| Urine acidity in aTIBN | 156 |
| Blood laboratory parameters in aTIBN | 157 |
| European recommendations for urine testing: | 161 |
| Knowledge and application of basic methodological rules for urinalysis – EU Guidelines 2000 | 161 |
| Proper preparation of the sick person | 162 |
| Proper urine collection (types of urine samples) | 163 |
| Standardized urine processing-urinalysis | 165 |
| Using the right microscope | 166 |
| Correct description of the sediment (of all elements according to the correct nomenclature) | 167 |
| Knowledge of the elements of urinary sediment and their clinical significance | 168 |
| FEATURES OF TIBN AT: | 174 |
| Urinary tract infections and negative urine culture | |
| Urinary tract infections in transplant patients: | 182 |
| Urinary tract infections in pregnant women: | 184 |
| Urinary tract infections in patients with catheters | 189 |
| TIBN – at nosocomial infections | 190 |
| Urinary tract infections in children | 192 |
| NEW APPROACHES TO THE TREATMENT OF UTIs | 199 |
| SUMMARY | 207 |


