CONTENTS:

1. Instruction for safe work of students
2. Exercise 1 "Amino acids": Amino acids that make up proteins
3. Exercise 2 "Proteins I": Proteins - structure and functions
4. Exercise 3 "Proteins II": Globular and fibrillar proteins
5. Practical exercises on "Beltsy"
6. Exercise 4 "Enzymes I": Features of enzymes as biocatalysts. Nomenclature and classification. Isoenzymes. Water-soluble vitamins as enzyme cofactors. Kinetics of enzyme action
7. Exercise 5 "Enzymes II": Regulation of enzyme activity. Reversible and irreversible inhibition of enzyme action. Allosteric enzymes. Constitutive and inducible enzymes
8. Practical exercises on "Enzymes"
9. Exercise 6 "Bioenergetics I": Macroergic compounds. Biological oxidation. Oxidative phosphorylation. Device of the respiratory chain
10. Exercise 7 "Bioenergetics II": Shortened electron-carrying chains. Free-radical oxidation and antioxidant protection
11. Practical exercises on "Bioenergetics"

Tasks and practical exercises in biochemistry

12. Exercise 8 "Carbohydrate Metabolism I": Digestion of carbohydrates and transport of monosaccharides in cells. Glycolysis
13. Exercise 9 “Carbohydrate Metabolism II”: Pyruvate Degradation Pathways. CTC. Pentose-phosphate pathway
14. Exercise 10 “Carbohydrate Metabolism III”: Gluconeogenesis, Glycogenogenesis, and Glycogenolysis
15. Exercise 11 "Carbohydrate Metabolism IV": Metabolism of Mannose, Fructose, Galactose, and Lactose
16. Exercise 12 "Carbohydrate Metabolism V": Glycoproteins and Glucosaminoglycans
17. Exercise 13 “Carbohydrate Metabolism VI”: Overview of Carbohydrate Metabolism
18. Practical Exercises on "Carbohydrate Metabolism"
19. Exercise 14 “Exchanging the lipids I': Digestion and Absorption of Dietary Lipids. Transport of exogenous lipids
20. Exercise 15 "Lipid Metabolism II": Lipolysis. Degradation of higher fatty acids with even and odd number of C-atoms. Ketogenesis and ketolysis
21. Exercise 16 "Lipid metabolism III": Biosynthesis of higher fatty acids and triacylglycerols. Transport of endogenous lipids in the blood
22. Exercise 17 "Lipid metabolism IV": Biosynthesis of cholesterol and bile acids. Cholesterol transport in the blood - role of LDL and HDL
23. Exercise 18 "Lipid metabolism V": Metabolism of complex lipids and eicosanoids
24. Practical Exercises on "Lipid Metabolism"
25. Exercise 19 "Amino acid metabolism I": Digestion of proteins. Transamination of amino acids. Oxidative and non-oxidative deamination of amino acids. Ammonia disposal
26. Exercise 20 "Exchange of Amino Acids II": Exchange of individual amino acids
27. Practical exercises on "Amino Acid Metabolism"

A Guide for Medical Students

28. Exercise 21 "Exchange of porphyrins": Biosynthesis and degradation of heme. Heme metabolism disorders - porphyrias. Hyperbilirubinemias. Iron metabolism
29. Practical exercises on "Exchange of porphyrins"
30. Exercise 22 "Nucleotide exchange I": Synthesis and degradation of purine nucleotides. Hyperuricemias
31. Exercise 23 "Nucleotide Exchange II": Synthesis and degradation of pyrimidine nucleotides. Biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleotides
32. Practical exercise on "Nucleotide exchange"
33. Exercise 24 "Nutrition and metabolism of xenobiotics": Metabolism of xenobiotics and endobiotics. Nutrients. Eating
34. Exercise 25 “Calcium Metabolism”: Hormones Regulating Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism”
35. Exercise 26 “Intercellular signaling I”: General principles of intercellular signaling. Types of receptors. Intracellular receptors, receptors - ion channels, G-protein coupled receptors - the adenylate cyclase system
36. Exercise 27 "Intercellular signaling II": G-protein coupled receptors - the phosphoinositide system. Receptors with intrinsic catalytic activity
37. Exercise 28 "Molecular Biology": Replication, transcription, translation. Cell cycle regulation. Oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes. Regulation of gene expression
38. Literature