Endodontic approaches in the treatment of chronic periapical lesions
CONTENTS
Chapter 1. Nature of chronic apical periodontitis (CAP)
1.1. Common feature
1.2. Apical periodontitis – a dynamic system of defenses
and destructive mechanisms
1.3. Etiopathogenesis of chronic periapical lesions
1.3.1. A brief historical overview
1.3.2. Pathways of microbial invasion into the endodontic space
1.3.3. Virulence and waste products of microorganisms
1.3.4. Cellular characterization of inflamed periapical tissues
1.3.5. Periapical inflammatory lesions
1.4. Problems in the treatment of CAP
1.5. Success from the treatment of teeth with HAP
1.6. Book writing
Chapter 2. Classification of pathological changes in periapical tissues
2.1. Historical overview
2.1.1. Grossman classification
2.1.2. Ingle classification
2.1.3. Svrakov's classification
2.2. Modern classifications
2.2.1. WHO classification
2.2.2. Nair's classification
2.2.3. Ørstavik classification
2.3. Book writing
Chapter 3. Endodontic treatment plan and selection of clinical cases
3.1. Essence of the endodontic treatment plan
3.2. Selection of clinical cases
3.3. Factors that influence the treatment plan for teeth with CAP
3.3.1. Diagnosis of the periapical lesion
3.3.2. Degree of root canal patency
Primary periapical lesions
Secondary (post-operative) periapical lesions
3.3.3. Possibility of restoring the ferrule effect
3.3.4. General condition of the patient and additional factors
General condition
Occlusion and endodontic treatment
Time limits for carrying out the planned treatment
Desires for patient cooperation during treatment
3.4. Book writingChapter 4. Diagnosis of chronic periapical lesions
4.1. Methods of clinical diagnosis
4.2. Methods of laboratory diagnostics
4.3. Methods of paraclinical diagnostics
4.3.1. Electroodontodiagnostics (EOD)
4.3.2. Imaging methods for diagnosis
· Conventional and digital radiography
Cone-beam computed tomography (CBT)
4.3.3. Study of local reactivity
4.4. Book writing
Chapter 5. Microbial invasion and periapical status
5.1. Features of the endodontic microflora
5.2. Microbial invasion of radicular dentin
5.2.1. Primary chronic periodontitis
5.2.2. Persistent and secondary chronic periodontitis
5.3. Changes in the permeability of radicular dentin
5.4. Enterococcus faecalis
5.5. Microbiological studies
5.6. Book writing
Chapter 6. Sealing of the root canal space
6.1. Apical sealing
6.1.1. Essence
6.1.2. Factors affecting pressurization
6.1.2.1. Root canal anatomy
6.1.2.2. Endodontic access
6.1.2.3. Pollution layer
6.1.2.4. Possibility of drying the radicular space
6.1.2.5. Absence of physiological apical constriction
6.1.2.6. Choosing the right sealer
6.1.2.7. Sealer thickness and choice of obturation technique
6.1.2.8. Irrigation protocol
6.1.3. A classic approach to sealing
6.1.4. Modern "gold standard" for sealing
6.1.5. Innovations in apical sealing
6.1.6. Requirements for radicular endodontic space sealing
6.1.6.1. Preparation of the dentine wall for maximum adaptation of the sealer
6.1.6.2. Checking the apical level of sealing and checking the width of the apical constriction
6.1.6.3. Choice of sealer and obturation technique
6.2. Coronary sealing
6.2.1. Temporary coronary sealing
6.2.2. Definitive coronary sealing
6.2.3. Preparation of the orifices and the bottom of the pulp chamber
6.3. Book writing
Chapter 7. Prognosis in teeth with periapical lesions in which an orthograde method of treatment was applied
7.1. Results of orthograde endodontic treatment in teeth with HAP
7.2. Factors that influence treatment outcome
7.2.1. Preoperative factors
7.2.2. Operational factors
7.2.3. Postoperative factors
7.2.3.1. Early postoperative complications
7.2.3.2. Late postoperative complications
7.3. Book writing
Chapter 8. Follow-up of the healing process during orthograde treatment of teeth with periapical lesions evaluated by the Ørstavik scale with PAI grades 2, 3 and 4
8.1. Retrospective analyses
8.2. Criteria for evaluation of the treatment result
8.3. Analysis of the results
8.4. Book writing
Chapter 9. Bone-tissue engineering in the apical zone in the orthograde treatment of periapical lesions evaluated on the PAI scale - grade 5
9.1. Bone and tissue engineering
9.2. Clinical grounds for applying bone-tissue engineering
9.3. Basis for an orthograde treatment approach for lesions >5 mm in size
9.3.1. Clinical case 1
9.3.2. Clinical case 2
9.3.3. Clinical case 3
9.4. Characteristics of biphasic calcium-phosphate bioceramics
9.4.1. Clinical case 4
9.5.Osteoblastic adhesion
Endodontic approaches in the treatment of chronic periapical lesions
96.00 лв.
Endodontic approaches in the treatment of chronic periapical lesions
The monograph is addressed to students, specialists and practitioners
dentists, but above all to all endodontists
with more special interests seeking perfectionism and detail at
performing complex endodontic treatments. The materials in the edition
reflect classical and modern understandings of basic principles at
treatment of chronic periodontitis, are based on long-term clinical experience
and teaching experience of the author and with her rich illustrations
provide learners with ease in learning the presented material
material. The essence of the chronic are described in detail and in sequence
periodontitis, modern and classic classifications, endodontic
treatment plan and diagnosis of periapical lesions, innovations
in the apical sealing. Of particular interest is the orthograde
treatment of teeth with lesions with RAI 2, 3 and 4 degrees, as well as bone-tissue
engineering in the apical zone in RAI grade 5 lesions. I believe that
the final chapter is innovative and reflects the most modern and enduring of
scientific point of view practical approaches. The details in each chapter are
systematically described and methodically presented so that the information
to be easily digested by the reader. Excellent visualization with many schemes
and figures undoubtedly contributes to this. Last but not least importance
have also the brief table of contents at the beginning and the concluding notes to
each chapter. They represent a summarizing point and aid absorption
of some difficult matters from the essence of chronic lesions. In this
monograph is concentrated rich teaching and clinical experience
of the author. The benefit of publishing such a monograph is indisputable
– she will support colleagues in the difficult treatment of chronic apical
lesions, which is comprehensively systematized and intelligently presented.
Prof. Dr. R. Vasileva, MD
Head of the Department of Conservative Dentistry
Faculty of Dental Medicine, MU - Sofia
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